Nkag siab txog cov khoom thiab kev siv ntawm gallium hauv ib feeb

The properties of metal gallium: element symbol Ga, atomic number 31, is a group IIIA metal. The density is 5.904 g/cm³, the melting point is 29.76 degree (302.91 K, 85.57 degree F), and the boiling point is 2204 degree (2477 K, 3999 degree F). Solid gallium is blue reduce gray, and liquid gallium is silver reduce white. Gallium is hard and brittle at low temperature, but melts when it exceeds room temperature, soluble in acid and alkali, slightly soluble in mercury, and highly corrosive. Gallium is relatively stable in dry air, and an oxide film will form on the surface to prevent continued oxidation, and it will lose its luster in humid air. The freezing point of gallium is very low. When it is converted from liquid to solid, the expansion rate is 3.1 percent . Gallium can infiltrate glass, so it should not be stored in glass containers, but in plastic containers.

Kev tshwm sim lub xeev ntawm gallium: Cov ntsiab lus ntawm gallium nyob rau hauv lub ntiaj teb39; s crust yog 0.0015 feem pua ​​. Kev faib tawm ntawm gallium nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej yog sib txawv, thiab feem ntau ntawm lawv muaj nyob rau hauv cov minerals txuam, feem ntau nyob rau hauv bauxite, thiab ib tug me me nyob rau hauv tin, tungsten thiab txhuas txo zinc.

Kev siv cov gallium: Tam sim no, kev noj cov khoom siv hlau gallium hauv kuv lub teb chaws suav nrog cov khoom siv semiconductors thiab optoelectronic cov ntaub ntawv, lub hnub ci hlwb, alloys, cov khoom siv kho mob, cov khoom sib nqus, thiab lwm yam. suav txog li 80 feem pua ​​​​ntawm tag nrho cov kev siv. Nrog rau txoj kev loj hlob sai ntawm kev lag luam hauv qab ntawm gallium, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev lag luam semiconductor thiab kev lag luam hnub ci, qhov kev thov rau hlau gallium tseem yuav loj hlob tsis tu ncua yav tom ntej.

1.1 Cov khoom siv semiconductor

Gallium yog ib yam hlau uas tsis tshua muaj melting point thiab kub kub taw tes, thiab yog lub npe hu ua quot; qaum ntawm cov electronics industryquot;. Gallium tebchaw yog siab txo cov khoom siv hluav taws xob zoo thiab tau siv dav hauv kev lag luam optoelectronics thiab microwave kev sib txuas lus kev lag luam rau kev tsim cov kev sib txuas lus microwave thiab microwave kev koom ua ke, infrared optics thiab infrared detection pab kiag li lawm, integrated circuits, lub teeb txo emitting diodes, thiab lwm yam. Piv txwv li, lub teeb liab thiab ntsuab peb pom hauv computers yog emission los ntawm gallium phosphide diodes.

1.2 Solar Cell

Gallium yog siv rau hauv kev tsim cov hnub ci hlwb, xws li gallium arsenide IIIV hnub ci hlwb, uas muaj cov cua sov zoo, hluav taws xob tiv thaiv thiab lwm yam ntxwv, thiab lawv cov kev hloov pauv photoelectric siab heev.

1.3 Alloys

Gallium thiab indium, thallium, tin, bismuth, zinc, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem tsim cov khoom qis qis qis ntawm 3 degree thiab 65 degree, uas yog siv rau kev ntsuas kub thiab tswj, mercury hloov pauv hauv cov twj paj nruag, txhawb kev ua haujlwm ntawm beading, thiab hlau txheej. Cua txias circuits rau txheej, electronics thiab nuclear industries. Piv txwv li, ib lub gallium alloy uas muaj 25 feem pua ​​​​indium yog qhov qis melting point alloy uas melts ntawm 16 degree thiab tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov khoom siv tua hluav taws tsis siv neeg. Gallium thiab tooj liab, npib tsib xee, tin, kub, thiab lwm yam tuaj yeem tsim cov dej txias, uas yog qhov tsim nyog rau qhov nyuaj txo kom txo cov vuam tshwj xeeb txo cov phab ntsa nyias, txias vuam ntawm cov hlau thiab nruab nrab ntawm ceramics thiab kab noj hniav thaiv.

1.4 Kev kho mob

Gallium tuaj yeem siv rau hauv kev kuaj mob, xws li kev siv gallium citrate (67Ga) txhawm rau kuaj mob ntsws thiab mob qog noj ntshav. Gallium alloys kuj tuaj yeem siv rau cov khoom siv kho mob thiab cov ntaub ntawv kho mob, xws li siv cov khoom siv gallium ua cov ntaub ntawv sau hniav, siv quot; indium gallium alloysquot; los ua cov ntsuas kub, thiab lwm yam.